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Working on or near Water
Contamination, Infection and Seasickness

It is impossible to guarantee that any open water is safe, thus all water should be treated as hazardous.  Do not assume that fast flowing water is clean.  The risks of infection in UK waters is from:
  • Weils Disease (Leptospirosis) - an infection passed on primarily from rats urine
  • Hepatitis A - where water contaminated by raw sewage is swallowed
  • Poliomyelitis and tetanus may be present, although the UK has good immunisation programmes
  • Infections from contaminated water can enter your body by swallowing, through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose or eyes, and through broken skin, cuts and abrasions.
Prevention
Avoiding water that is obviously contaminated or is downstream from any discharge of sewage, industrial waste or agricultural waste. The Environment Agency will advise on the potential for water contamination.
 
When working in or close to water there are universal precautions:
  • Cover all cuts and broken skin with waterproof plasters
  • Wear protective clothing
  • Avoid water entering the mouth or eyes as far as possible
  • Limit the period of time of immersion in water, and consider the use of a wet-suit which can reduce the risk of fresh cuts and abrasions
  • Wash hands after handling any contaminated clothing or other equipment/material, and always before eating, drinking or smoking
  • Shower thoroughly after immersion in water and wash any fresh cuts or abrasions thoroughly; I make sure that there are facilities to allow people to wash and change after contact with water
It is strongly recommended that all those working in and around water are up to date with their poliomyelitis and tetanus vaccinations. In the UK the Hepatitis A vaccination is not routinely recommended for swimmers in waterways, however it is recommended where regular direct contact with raw sewage is likely.
 
All those working on or near water, especially those who have been immersed in water should be aware of the risks of infection, especially from Leptospirosis (Weils disease). Those who develop ill health symptoms up to 15 days after exposure or immersion should seek medical advice from their own doctor or occupational health department as soon as possible, and should explain that they have been in contact with water. The symptoms of leptospirosis are similar to flu in the early stages, e.g. fever, chills, head, and muscle aches, but may progress to jaundice and dark urine. The disease can be treatable provided it is recognised early.  If it is diagnosed then the disease must be reported to the Health & Safety Executive.  Contact Ask AL - Safety Advice Line, for further details.
 
Seasickness
Even seasoned sailors can be badly affected by seasickness. There are various treatments available from chemists or check with your doctor. It is recommended that you eat before you go to sea or on water.
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